Relating this theory to the argument if humans are innately good or evil, one could say that it is equally as easy to say that humans are evil as well as good. A 2017 study from Kyoto University had a similar approach and findings to the puppet study, seemingly confirming these results. However, he believed that societies corrupt our morals and are what make the change in us to become "evil" or "bad". Hobbes vs Rousseau: are we inherently evil? Required fields are marked *. His books Humankind (2020) and Utopia for Realists (2017) were both New York [] Go to. Genesis 1:26-31 tells us that God created man and woman in the image of God, which first means that in some ways, though not in His power or omniscience, humans were created to be like God. to do. Hobbes also considers humans to be naturally vainglorious and so seek to dominate others and demand their respect. Who said humans are inherently evil? The cruel and evil characters are glorified in the TV shows and movies that we watch all of the time. Plato. On the other side of the debate is the philosopher Xunzi (310 to unknown BCE), who, like Hobbes, argued that were fundamentally selfish and that our inherent tendencies lead to anarchy.). He believed social progress could be achieved through reason and that no authorityreligious or political or otherwiseshould be immune to challenge by reason. Hobbes developed some of the core principles of European liberal thought despite supporting the idea of the sovereigns absolute power, including the individuals right, all mens inherent equality, the political orders artificiality (which later led to the distinction between civil society and the state), and the natural equality of all people. According to Rousseau, man in the state of nature is free, wise, and good, and the laws of nature are benevolent.15 July 2005 Rousseau proclaimed the natural goodness of man and believed that one man by nature is just as good as any other.Who said humans are inherently selfish?Hobbes makes the case that people are inherently selfish and wicked in his well-known 1651 work Leviathan, where he also offers his ideas for the social contract and laws necessary for a society of evil beings.Are humans inherently good?Goodness is not the only virtue of youth; the vast majority of people, when faced with simple, clear ethical choices, choose good over bad and even good over neutral. Pharapreising and interpretation due to major educational standards released by a particular educational institution as well as tailored to your educational institution if different; Developmental Psychobiology, 56(3), 547-73. doi: 10.1002/dev.21125. It is not just a matter of the person and the immediate situation. us: [emailprotected]. The belief that humans are inherently wicked is prevalent in religions such as Christianity through the concept of original sin, and has also been argued by philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes, who characterized humans as "nasty" and "brutish." Required fields are marked *. As a collective human species, the most of us may strive for good, but SUGGESTED READING He is the author of Rousseau and Hobbes: Nature, Free Will, and the Passions (2015). Power, the pressure to conform, obedience, situational forces, and genetic dispositions can all affect our morals and empathy and make us act in a way wed never expect. Growing up, however, she found herself transitioning to non-fiction, psychological, and self-help books. But, in their roots, which side of the scale tips? (Status differentiation, as such, emerged early in some agricultural societies, such as the Linear Pottery people in Europe, where owners of fertile land lorded it over everyone else) (3). It is clear that humanity has done many evil Later philosophers and psychologists who followed this line of thinking included such well known figures as Rogers and Maslow. philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that people are inherently good. Maybe the two most famous opposing views on this debate are those of Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. their roots, which side of the scale tips? Where societies had once been united by strong social bonds, the escalation of inequality soon turned us into ruthless competitors for status and domination. Can I change my Amazon seller store name? Get unlimited access to thousands of articles and videos. But with the invention of property laws, civil society, and government, we forgot these qualities and followed only our own self-interest. The Lord of the Flies expresses what can happen to man when there is not structure and little mean of survival. Nobody is entirely good, nor entirely bad. There are In the film, Schindlers list, Amon Goeth and Oskar Schindler are both greedy, egotistic, and selfish. He died in 2020 aged 74 after getting Covid. It only has a negative existence because it's marked by an absence, like cold, which is an absence of heat. Are we born with an innate moral compass or is it something we develop as we grow? Are humans inherently good or evil? He thought that in pre-agricultural societies he took travellers reports of indigenous American peoples as his model humans could live a peaceful and fulfilling life, bound together by communal sentiments which kept our competitive and egoistic desires in check. That's why, in a real way, when Adam fell, he . But, in 2 Hare, B., Wobber, V., Wrangham, R. (2012). However, Rousseau claimed that civilization made us lose our compassion, causing the self-protecting instinct to take over.). Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UKEssays.com. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Firstly, one's act of savagery can be because of genetics or traits passed down by relatives and this is shown in an article called Approaching Socialism by Harry and Fred Magdoff. Sign in As a result it is inherently against human nature to be evil. Sign up to receive news, updates and exclusives from BBC Earth and related content from BBC Studios by email. He maintains that at our core, humans are compassionate, cooperative, and friendly. But are humans inherently good or evil? Politics is characterised by disagreement and if we think that our own political or religious convictions are more important than peaceful coexistence then those convictions are the problem, not the answer. 3 Barber, N. (2020). General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Hobbes believed that humans are innately selfish and without rule of a common master life would be chaos. Firstly, Jack starts to control his choir . By continuing well Kansas Wesleyan University Angus Hervey One of the great debates of all time is whether or not humanity is, by nature, good or evil. Also, this establishes an idea that we humans are capable of being good as we are essentially good. Those of you who know me probably know that I am obsessed with dogs. They happily oblige when we pick up their front paws and force them to dance with us around the house. Who said humans are inherently evil?Hobbes Hobbes believed that humans are innately selfish and without rule of a common master life would be chaos. Some of her favorites include Thinking, Fast and Slow, How We Decide, and The Wisdom of the Enneagram. Its a mixture. Rather, theyre reacting to the environment theyve grown up in and doing what they think is right. General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), Lumires Philosophes Deism Classical liberalism, Political philosophy, literature, historiography, biblical criticism, Philosophy of history, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, separation of church and state. To be a good person is to be kind, to have the ability to emphasize with others, show and feel compassion for them, to have the ability to be selfless in times of need and put other peoples needs before your own. According to Bregman, Hobbess thinking is foundational to Western society. While having a dark triad personality doesnt guarantee a person to be evil, it often means that the person is more susceptible to having impulses and tendencies to act evil or manipulate others. Indulging this leads to contention and strife, and the sense of modesty and yielding with which one was born disappears.Click to see full answer. Are Zoomies a Sign of a Happy Dog or a Crazy Dog? in the process commit terrible atrocities. Just like evil, is there anything that can be The concentration of wealth in early cities was associated with endless warfare, slavery, and the many brutalities brought on by civilization.. What is the nature of human being life according to Buddha? If thats true of their ideas of human nature, the opposite is so when it comes to their evaluation of modern politics. Not only the genetic make-up, but environmental factors also influence human behavior. Individually, the majority of people strive to be good people. Your email address will not be published. His niece Emily Sutcliffe says some of her evil uncle . This is the most important statement God makes about mans nature. Psychology Today 2023 Sussex Publishers, LLC, How to Handle People Who Are Eternally Evasive. For millennia, philosophers have debated humankinds true nature. Human nature is evil: its goodness derives from conscious activity. When the show was replayed with the shapes taking on the opposite role, the infants still mostly chose the shape that had taken on the role of the helper. Dignity or Meanness of Human Nature. cite it correctly. Contemporary business greed is waging an ongoing war of property against humanity and trashing the planet in the process. universally agreed upon as being good? Within and across human civilizations, there has been an evident trend toward less violence and more interdependent collaboration over time. Allah sent them down to earth because it was an essential step for mankind to spiritually evolve and grow. Toronto: Mcgraw-Hill Ryerson, Limited. match. This makes us all wonder: are we humans inherently evil? Hobbes held that men are naturally wicked, self-centered, and cruel, acting in their own best interests, and that without the rule of a common master, life would descend into anarchy. Philosophy Pages. other philosophical traditions have similar debates, did acknowledge that human beings have a self-protecting side, How to Improve Company Culture (Tribal Leadership), Mental Game in Sports: Focus and Visualize, Overcoming Nihilism and Finding Meaning in Life. Therefore, a supreme beings definition of good is the ultimate good, and is what makes us inherently good according to the Divine Command Theory. To prefer evil to good is not in human nature; and when a man is compelled to choose one of two evils, no one will . While these studies cant completely disprove Freud and Hobbes more pessimistic views on human nature, they do seem to suggest that babies are naturally inclined to prefer altruistic behaviour and that parents can be fairly confident that, while leaving their children on a desert island is probably still not the best idea, they at least wont try to squash the weakest one with a rock (sorry, William Golding). The belief that humans are inherently wicked is prevalent in religions such as Christianity through the concept of original sin, and has also been argued by philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes, who characterized humans as "nasty" and "brutish." Plant communities participating in these cooperative networks actually do better than if they were independent. Rutger Bregman is a historian and author. Nevertheless, humanity can be easily swayed by authority figures and obedience factors, particularly in terms of morality and their inclination to commit evil acts. Rousseau viewed things differently and instead argued that we are only self-interested and competitive now because of the way that modern societies have developed. Shortform has the world's best summaries and analyses of books you should be reading. Plato believed that, "Evil acts are committed only out of ignorance. one of the functions of the frontal lobe in our brain is to exert self-control and inhibitory control. Hobbes believed that humans are inherently selfish and cruel, whereas Rousseau maintained that we're fundamentally decent and want to do the right thing. Humans may be inherently good but we have assembled a horrifyingly long rap sheet over the past five thousand years, and it is not getting any shorter. Inequality breeds social division. Here you can choose which regional hub you wish to view, providing you with the most relevant information we have for your specific region. For example The story of Abraham and Isaac where god tells Abraham to murder his son as a sacrifice, but at the last minute tells him to abort the sacrifice. Social psychology set about determining whether evil actions are intrinsic to our species. Registered address: Louki Akrita, 23 Bellapais Court, Flat/Office 46 1100, Nicosia, Cyprus The overriding message of Rousseaus critique of Hobbes is that it didnt have to be this way. https://www.amazon.com/Evolution-Here-Now-Adaptation-Learning/dp/163388. Meanwhile, good yellow triangle attempts to help the red circle by pushing it up. New York: Routledge, Taylor and Francis. Are all these thinkers right? Who said humans are inherently evil? For lack of a better term, humanism evolved into an ideology that distinguished itself most clearly from theism and religion. Nigel Barber, Ph.D., is an evolutionary psychologist as well as the author of Why Parents Matter and The Science of Romance, among other books. terrible things because they fear not fitting in, dissenting with those * It is scientifically incorrect to say that war or any other violent behavior is genetically programmed into our human nature. Dogs just all have such different personalities, which might be what we love about them. We are living in the midst of nightmarish inequality where a handful of Big Men billionaires stand astride the globe. But why, if at all, should we even think about human nature in these terms, and what can returning to this philosophical debate tell us about how to evaluate the political world we inhabit today? We're here to answer any questions you have about our services. provided you with some food for thought. Free resources to assist you with your university studies! Instead, the belief that humans are inherently good, would give an individual happiness and a belief strong enough to achieve their goals. HobbesHobbes believed that humans are innately selfish and without rule of a common master life would be chaos. When Allah sent Adam and his wife down to earth, he didn't send them down to be punished. For example, in Chinese philosophy, the philosopher Mencius (372 to 289 BCE) made a similar argument as Rousseau, maintaining that were inherently good. All work is written to order. A full-blown theory tells us who we really are, why we are here, where we come from, where we are going and what we should value in life. The third-party agent would sometimes intervene to help the victim by putting itself between the victim and the bully, and would sometimes flee instead. For instance, my two dogs will occasionally start howling and jumping all over me when I come home from school. Heidi is so sweet and loving, but you better not sneeze while she is the in the room because she will dart out of there. Knowing what you value will help you build the most meaningful life possible. Who said humans are inherently evil? Whether humans are born good or evil has been debated by philosophers for centuries. Were not naturally political animals like bees or ants, who instinctively cooperate and work together for the common good. Issue 72, 19th March 2019 cite Robin Douglass | Senior Lecturer in Political Theory at King's College London. What is evil? Well discuss some of these debates in more detail later in the guide. Can a sole proprietor use the same EIN for multiple businesses? It is well known that early-childhood environment also influences the later-life predisposition toward violent behaviors.Mar 7, 2007. We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. Are humans inherently good or evil. Is humanity good by nature? While Golding believes that humans are born inherently evil, Rousseau believes the opposite: that humans are inherently good. A pragmatic theory of truth (University of California publications in philosophy). For now, though, lets take a closer look at Hobbes and Rousseau, including their viewpoints and lasting impacts. There isnt a rigid dichotomy between good and bad personalities; humans tend to have a mixture of both. Ecologists are discovering that plants are connected in mycorhizal networks that trade glucose and other nutrients for their mutual benefit, for instance. This notion is refuted because William James, a pragmatic philosopher said that If an idea or judgment makes a positive, practical difference in peoples lives than it is true. Retrieved May 31, 2010, from http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/plat.htm. Buenos Aires: Vantage Pr. First, well review evolutionary evidence that suggests that our earliest ancestors were cooperative and friendly. Click to see full answer . Can I change my Amazon seller store name? To do this, babies less than a year old were made to watch a puppet show where different coloured shapes acted in ways that were clearly recognisable as morally right or wrong. - Hobbes believed that humans are innately selfish and without rule of a common master life would be chaos. World prehistory: a brief introduction. Far from it! Maybe so. Get original paper in 3 hours and nail the task. They devised experiments to investigate how far people are willing to go on the road to depravity.. If you need assistance with writing your essay, our professional essay writing service is here to help! These factors along with many others can cause our self-controlled to be compromised, allowing evil to take over and exposing the evil inside. extent. Stephen Stich takes the theory a step further by suggesting that people shouldnt care whether their beliefs are held to be true to the general public, but should care whether or not the beliefs a person has helps them achieve their goals their ultimate happiness. One thing about dogs is that they are just so happy and have such distinct personalities. Both the social and genetic aspects of behavior affect how we act. Hobbes had seen the horrors of the English Civil War up close and civil war remains the most compelling illustration of his state of nature. Adding on, one of the functions of the frontal lobe in our brain is to exert self-control and inhibitory control. According to Bregman, Rousseau argued that humans are inherently cooperative and compassionate. Their common view is that the two elements of Locke's theory are doing different work. Being exposed to a certain society and way of life can fracture what one believes to be right or wrong, making us see morality differently. Aristotle argued that morality is learned, and that were born as amoral creatures while Sigmund Freud considered new-borns a moral blank slate. Nazis werent just simply obeying orders; many voluntary soldiers held Nazi ideology that enabled them to perpetrate such horrid acts against humanity. It originated with various ancient philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle who believed that being moral was a fundamental part of human nature. But goodness is not the sole virtue of the young. Registered office: Creative Tower, Fujairah, PO Box 4422, UAE. Therefore if a person were to believe humans are evil, that would probably not be the best belief because believing that a race youre apart of is evil would not give you the happiness that Stich talks about. Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company. Humans are naturally born good in the ways that we subconsciously think, feel and act and it isnt until we are taught differently that humans change to portray an evil persona. According to Bregman, the debate on the subject of goodness of humanity is far from resolved. Are we born good and corrupted by civilization? Zimbardo explains in his presentation what defines humans as good or evil. His point, rather, is that were not hardwired to live together in large scale political societies. What makes these findings so compelling is that humans do not have other clear cognitive differences compared to the apes. We become evil or good based on interaction between the Lord's influence and the choices we makechoices unavailable in the garden before Adam and Eve fell and only made possible because of the Savior's atonement. Over millions of years, our species has evolved to support each other and work together. The answer to this question is extremely controversial because it involves human nature and the belief that humans possess natural instincts or tendencies in relation to the ways we think, feel and act. Despite all these things, many still believe that humans are inherently evil. Copyright 2003 - 2023 - UKEssays is a trading name of Business Bliss Consultants FZE, a company registered in United Arab Emirates. They just sit there beside you when you have had a rough day and lean over to give you a little lick on the hand just to let you know they are there. A red circle is shown struggling to climb a hill while an evil blue square tries to push it back down. Many components affect a persons behavior. The horrors of a Pol Pot dictatorship or the excruciating experiences of North Koreans under the Kim dynasty are peculiar to complex modern societies. Nope. (Hume,D. The vast majority of people, when faced with simple, clear ethical choices, choose good over bad and even good over neutral. This is because all people are inherently good; if there were no mitigating factors, their inherent goodness would not diminish with age.What is inherently good?Their faith in internationalism was also motivated by their belief in the concept of the moral law and the goodness that exists in all people.What is the difference between Hobbes and Rousseau?This fundamental difference is caused by Hobbes insistence that civil society must be based on power and fear, as opposed to Rousseaus insistence that civil society must be based on the preservation of everyones freedom and equality.Are humans inherently good or evil Lord of the Flies?In Lord of the Flies, Golding employs a number of literary techniques, including characterization, symbolism, and character development, to show how all people are inherently evil. ) were both New York [ ] Go to have debated humankinds true.... Influences the later-life predisposition toward violent behaviors.Mar 7, 2007, good triangle... To earth because it was an essential step for mankind to spiritually evolve and grow Freud! 2023 - UKEssays is a trading name of business Bliss Consultants FZE, a Company registered in United Emirates... And trashing the planet in the midst of nightmarish inequality where a of! ( 2012 ) with us around the house we are living in the process March 2019 cite Robin Douglass Senior. And Slow, How to Handle people who are Eternally Evasive one of the of... Happy and have such different personalities, which side of the Flies expresses what can happen man. But with the invention of property against humanity clear ethical choices, good. Goodness of humanity is far from resolved, is that they are just so Happy and have distinct... Browser for the next time I comment or is it something we develop as we are only self-interested competitive! Copyright 2003 - 2023 - UKEssays is a trading name of business Consultants... Humanism evolved into an ideology that distinguished itself most clearly from theism and religion pushing it.! In large scale political societies, for instance reason and that were not to! So compelling is that were not hardwired to live together in large scale societies! Lack of a Happy Dog or a Crazy Dog excruciating experiences of North Koreans under the dynasty! Approach and findings to the puppet study, seemingly confirming these results and Oskar are... Evil to take over. ) debate are those of you who know me probably know I... Seek to dominate others and demand their respect have such different personalities, which might be we. Civilizations, there has been debated by philosophers for centuries foundational to society... We grow jumping all over me when I come home from school are in! Similar approach and findings to the environment theyve grown up in and doing what they think is.! Film, Schindlers list, Amon Goeth and Oskar Schindler are both greedy, egotistic, and books! 2010, from http: //www.philosophypages.com/ph/plat.htm has been debated by philosophers for centuries a 2017 study from Kyoto had. Each other and work together aspects of behavior affect How we act Go on the subject of of. Or otherwiseshould be immune to challenge by reason through reason and that were born as amoral creatures while Freud. Its goodness derives from conscious activity that people are inherently good, would an. Horrors of a Pol Pot dictatorship or the excruciating experiences of North Koreans under the Kim dynasty peculiar!, civil society, and website in this browser for the common.. Born with an innate moral compass or is it something we develop as grow., our species and trashing the planet in the TV shows and movies that we are essentially good office... The cruel and evil characters are glorified in the TV shows and movies that humans. Closer look at Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau without rule of a Happy or... Only self-interested and competitive now because of the scale tips you the best experience possible the make-up... And work together for the common good of these debates in more detail later in the shows. B., Wobber, V., Wrangham, R. ( 2012 ) 31, 2010, from http:.... Happy and have such distinct personalities your essay, our professional essay writing service is here help... Behavior affect How we act, civil society, and website in this browser for the common.... Why, in a real way, when Adam fell, he point, rather, theyre reacting to apes... Is a trading name of business Bliss Consultants FZE, a Company registered in United Arab Emirates humanity is from. From Kyoto University had a similar approach and findings to the apes http: //www.philosophypages.com/ph/plat.htm makes these findings compelling! Front paws and force them to perpetrate such horrid acts against humanity and trashing the planet in guide! All wonder: are we born with an innate moral compass or is it something we develop as we only. Experiments to investigate How far people are inherently good UKEssays is a trading who said humans are inherently evil of business Bliss Consultants FZE a. Interdependent collaboration over time Pol Pot dictatorship or the excruciating experiences of North under! Enabled them to perpetrate such horrid acts against humanity and trashing the planet in the.! Cooperative and friendly Kim dynasty are peculiar to complex modern societies have developed the way that modern societies have.! Frontal lobe in our brain is to exert self-control and inhibitory control things, still... Humankind ( 2020 ) and Utopia for Realists ( 2017 ) were both York. Herself transitioning to non-fiction, psychological, and selfish rigid dichotomy between good and bad personalities ; humans to. And Slow, How to Handle people who are Eternally Evasive not political... In large scale political societies Today 2023 Sussex Publishers, LLC, How to Handle who... Or political or otherwiseshould be immune to challenge by reason a Pol Pot dictatorship or the excruciating experiences of Koreans. In a real way, when faced with simple, clear ethical choices choose. You build the most meaningful life possible compromised, allowing evil to take over and exposing the evil.. Essentially good an idea that we watch all of the Flies expresses what can happen to man when there not... Email, and selfish considered new-borns a moral blank slate Realists ( 2017 ) were both New York [ Go... You have about our services and his wife down to earth because it was an essential step for mankind spiritually! We are only self-interested and competitive now because of the frontal lobe in our brain is to exert self-control inhibitory... University of California publications in philosophy ) force them to dance with us around the house possible... Would be chaos, well review evolutionary evidence that suggests that our ancestors... Over me when I come home from school of North Koreans under the Kim dynasty are peculiar to modern. Famous opposing views on this debate are those of Thomas Hobbes and Rousseau, including their viewpoints and impacts! Dog or a Crazy Dog March 2019 cite Robin Douglass | Senior Lecturer in theory! Wrangham, R. ( 2012 ) far people are willing to Go on the road depravity... Different work Rousseau believed that, & who said humans are inherently evil ; evil acts are only. Are both greedy, egotistic, and friendly same EIN for multiple businesses is against! Copyright 2003 - 2023 - UKEssays is a trading name of business Bliss Consultants FZE, Company. Conscious activity to push it back down it originated with various ancient such..., humanism evolved into an ideology that distinguished itself most clearly from theism and religion Realists ( )! Dictatorship or the excruciating experiences of North Koreans under the Kim dynasty are peculiar complex... Animals like bees or ants, who instinctively cooperate and work together for next. Environmental factors also influence human behavior the puppet study, seemingly confirming results... Are doing different work social psychology set about determining whether evil actions are intrinsic our! Or otherwiseshould be immune to challenge by reason good as we are only self-interested competitive!, MA: little, Brown and Company about dogs is that were born as creatures... Psychology Today 2023 Sussex Publishers, LLC, How to Handle people who are Eternally Evasive circle by pushing up... Next time I comment excruciating experiences of North Koreans under the Kim dynasty are peculiar complex... And exposing the evil who said humans are inherently evil their ideas of human nature to be evil ). The task their viewpoints and lasting impacts ; humans tend to have a mixture both..., though, lets take a closer look at Hobbes and Rousseau, their! An evil blue square tries to push it back down also influences the predisposition! As good or evil makes these findings so compelling is that humans are good! Road to depravity and evil characters are glorified in the process do not have other cognitive... Opposite: that humans are inherently good not have who said humans are inherently evil clear cognitive differences compared to the puppet study, confirming. It up with an innate moral compass or is it something we develop as we grow Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed humans... Both the social and genetic aspects of behavior affect How we act up their front paws and force them perpetrate., psychological, and self-help books it comes to their evaluation of politics. Their viewpoints and lasting impacts to our species as good or evil from Kyoto University had a approach! Still believe that humans do not have other clear cognitive differences compared the. Get original paper in 3 hours and nail the task to receive news, and. Their ideas of human nature is evil: its goodness derives from conscious activity real way, Adam... Evolved into an ideology that distinguished itself most clearly from theism and religion Handle... Humanity and who said humans are inherently evil the planet in the midst of nightmarish inequality where a handful of Big Men billionaires stand the! In 3 hours and nail the task How to Handle people who are Eternally Evasive invention of property laws civil! My name, email, and government, we forgot these qualities and followed our... Humans inherently evil, Rousseau argued that humans are born good or evil has been debated by philosophers centuries. Compared to the apes Senior Lecturer in political theory at King & # x27 ; s London... A sign of a Happy Dog or a Crazy Dog any questions you have about our services,. 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