Three stations (Sankura, worabe and Wulbareg) are within the watershed, while other three stations (Butajira, Hosaena and Halaba) are out of watershed. East. J Ecol 23(7):13281335, WBISPP (Woody Biomass Inventory and Strategic Planning Project) Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Regional State (SNNPR) (2011) A strategicplanfor the sustainabledevelopment,conservation,and managementof the woodybiomassresourcesWoodyBiomassInventoryand StrategicPlanningProject. Elevation generally increases westward towards the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands. The prevailing soil types are described and soil erosion data are reported and analyzed. In: Proceedings of the IAHS international symposium on sediment transfer through the fluvial system, Moscow, 26 Aug 2004, pp 94100, Billi P, Alemu YT, Ciampalini R (2015) Increased frequency of flash floods in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia: change in rainfall intensity or human impact?. They are a World Heritage Site and include the Simien Mountains National Park. The sediment delivery ratio (SDR) denotes the ratio of the sediment yield at a given stream cross section to the gross erosion from the watershed upstream from the measuring point (Julien and Frenette 1998). The topographic (LS_factor) value for the watershed is 078.48(Fig. 1999; Veihe et al. (2019), who estimated the annual soil loss ranges from 0.01 to 442.92 ton/ha/year. 64years mean annual rainfall data for estimating erosivity factor, digital soil map for estimating soil erodibility factor, Digital Elevation Model for estimating topographic (LS) factor, Land use land cover for cover factor detection from Ethiopian ministry of water resources. The soils of Ethiopia can be classified into five principal types. Qualitative approach such as rating the severity of soil erosion rate as very low, low and moderate based on the classification of WBISPP (2011) for effective watershed management planning and, in addition, field observations were carried out to identify most erosion-prone areas. J Environ Manag 83(4):448459, Assefa TT, Jha MK, Tilahun SA, Yetbarek E, Adem AA, Wale A (2015) Identificationof erosionhotspotareausingGISand MCE techniquefor kogawatershedin the UpperBlueNileBasin,Ethiopia. 21, Worabe, Ethiopia, You can also search for this author in This work and the related PDF file are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. 5, Table4). 9). Currently, there are many hydrological models that incorporate the topographic features with land use and soil characteristics with GIS and remote sensing (Star et al. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 The authors declare no conflicts of interest. MScThesis,Universityof Berne, Centre for Development and Environment Geographisches Institut, Kruger HJ, Berhanu F, Yohannes GM, Kefeni K (1995) Inventory of indigenous soil and water conservation measures on selected sites in the Ethiopian Highlands, p 34, Lal R (2001) Soil degradation by Erosion. 163 0 obj Cambridge, Hurni H,Herweg K, Portner B, Liniger H (2008)SoilErosionand conservationin globalagriculture. Corrections? There are very few permanent watercourses. R_factor has been calculated for each station using mean annual rainfall data from regression equation developed by Kaltenrieder (2007) to Ethiopian conditions as shown in Equation [3-1] below using inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) Interpolation, with 12 neighborhoods in spatial analyst tool. Springer, Dordrecht. Ras Dejen (4,533m), Bwahit (4,430m) and Silki (4,420m) were formed from the outer core of this ancient volcano. recognize at the highest level of classification three major types of mountain soils: Lithosols, Rendzinas and Rankers. where, Sy=Sediment yield (ton) at the watershed out let, E=total erosion (ton), A=Watershed area (ha), Sy=456,415.60ton/year *(1/123,3950.2), Sy=43,762 tons/year. VERTISOLS (V) Other soils which, after the upper 20 cm are mixed, have 30 percent or more clay in all horizons to at least 50 cm from the surface; at some period in most years have cracks at least 1 cm wide at a depth of 50 cm . Soil erodibility (K) is the intrinsic susceptibility of a soil to erosion by runoff and raindrop impact. Some of the rich coffee-growing regions of Ethiopia are found on these soils. (2020), the practices of wood check-dam, level soil bund, Graded soil bund, contour farming, infiltration pit, furrow making, bench terraces with tree Lucerne plantation, Gabions check-dam, mulching, contour farming, planting pit, leaving crop residues after crop harvest and intercropping contributed for low soil erosion in this area. . 6). The final soil loss was estimated by multiplying each parameters value based on the following USLE model flow chart (Fig. CHERNOZEMS (C)Other soils having a mollic A horizon with a moist chroma of 2 or less to a depth of at least IS cm; having one or more of the following: a calcic or a gypsic horizon, or concentrations of soft powdery lime within 125 cm of the surface when the weighted average textural class is coarse, within 90 cm for medium textures, within 75 cm for fine textures. 16:447467, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2012) A national soil model of Ethiopia a geo statistical approach to create a national soil map of Ethiopia on the basis of an SRTM 90 DEM and SOTWIS soil data. Other Yermosols having an argillic B horizon; a calcic or gypsic horizon may underlie the B horizon, Other Yermosols having a gypsic horizon within 125 cm of the surface, Other Yermosols having a calcic horizon within 125 cm of the surface. Soil acidity is the problem of agricultural activities in Ethiopian highlands (cultivated lands). %PDF-1.4 2018. /LastChar 233 and river banks have been identified as the most erosion vulnerable areas. Springer,Dordrecht,pp4171, Julien PY, Frenette M (1998) Physical processes groverning reservoir sedimentation. /Flags 32 Leuven, Relief Society of Tigray, Africa Museum and Tigray Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development, Nyssen J, Frankl A, Haile M, Hurni H, Descheemaeker K, Crummey D, Ritler A, Portner B, Nievergelt B, Moeyersons J, Munro N, Deckers J, Billi P, Poesen J (2014) Environmental conditions and human drivers for changes to north Ethiopian mountain landscapes over 145years. The finding shows that the estimated model result was by far lower than the previous model result, which could be due to positive effect of watershed management intervention at watershed scale and plot level in particular. Urban areas in the region include the ports of Massawa in Eritrea, Djibouti city, and Berbera in Somalia. Empirically, plot-based soil loss due to water erosion has been reported by many researchers (for example: Adinarayana et al. Google Scholar, Berhanu B, Melesse AM, Seleshi Y (2013) GIS-based hydrological zones and soil geo-database of Ethiopia. 2004). However, in many localities July has the coldest temperatures because of the moderating influence of rainfall. The soils most commonly occurring are lithosols, calcareous regosols, cambrisols and chromic luvisols. Austrian J Earth Sci 103(2):153170, Haregeweyn N, Poesen J, Nyssen J, Govers G, Verstraeten G, De Vente J, Deckers J, Moeyersons J, Haile M (2008) Sediment yield variability Northern Ethiopia: a quantitative analysis of its controlling factors. In the two South Hemisphere ecoregions, soils on older substrata of uplands are generally highly leached lithosols in South Africa and by laterites and the process of podzolization in southern Australia; they have been exposed to weathering since the Paleozoic or even the Precambrian. The result shows that the LS factor for the study watershed ranges from 0 to 78.48. This paper illustrates application of a locally produced geogrid material for strength improvement of expansive subgrade soil. using RUSEL models. This implies that there was spatial variability of soil loss in sub-watersheds (Table10). Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 326341, Sutcliffe JP (1993) Economic assessment of land degradation in the Ethiopian highlands: a case study. /Ascent 905 Soil degradation in the 2003). household uses due to increasing population ultimately lead to severe soil http://www.fao.org/countryprofiles/en/, FAO/IGADD/Italian Cooperation (1998) Soil and terrain database for northeastern Africa and crop production zones. where A=Annual soil loss in ton/ha/year, R=Rainfall erosivity factor in MJmmha1year1 K=Soil erodibility factor in thrMJ1mm1, LS=Slope Steepness and Slope Length factor (dimensionless), C=Cover factor (dimensionless), p=conservation practice factor (dimensionless). The moderate soil erosion in Litho sols should be managed by applying the practices of increasing water-holding capacity through inter-cropping, mulching. J Hydr 339:145158, Dessie G, Kleman J (2007) Pattern and magnitude of deforestation in the South central rift valley region of Ethiopia. 137 27 Model. The clay loam, GLEYSOLS (G)Other soils showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface; having no diagnostic horizons other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an A horizon, an H horizon, a cambic B horizon, a calcic or a gypsic horizon. /BaseFont /ArialMT 278 278 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 278 278 0 0 61(23):122130. Soil OC was analyzed by wet digestion method (Walkley and Black 1934), and total N was determined by a modified micro- 6, annual R value ranges between 376 and 465 MJmm/ha/year. variables were used as input model parameters/variables. Lamberet Academic Publishing, Ethiopia, Soromessa T, Teketay D, Demissew S (2004) Ecological study of the vegetation in Gamo Gofa zone, southern Ethiopia. Rain falls year-round in the southern portions of the Western Highlands, where annual precipitation may reach 80 inches (2,000 mm). Other soils having no diagnostic horizons or none other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an ochric A horizon. (2009) also demonstrated that the catchments of Gilgel Abay, Gumara, Megech and Rib havehigh soil erosionrates with an averagesoilloss of 3065 ton/ha/year. Chernozems having an argillic B horizon; a calcic or gypsic horizon mayunderlie the B horizon, Other Chernozems showing tonguing of the A horizon into a cambic B or into a C horizon, Other Chernozems having a calcic or a gyspsic horizon. We would like to extend our appreciation to silte zone farm and Natural Resource department for their willingness in providing the required watershed information and finally our appreciation also goes to South Agricultural Research Institute for financial support. Trop Ecol 45:209221, Stocking MA (1996) Soil erosion. steeply sloping mountainous areas of the north and north-eastern parts of the Materials of more recent age like tuffs, cinders and finer ash, mainly of basic nature are also . A brief description of the natural vegetation is provided as well. LS were calculated by unit stream power Erosion and Deposition methods which use both flow accumulation and watershed slope (Pelton et al. Out of 25 sub watersheds, two sub watersheds X and S fall under very low erosion severity classes (01 ton/ha/year). Similarly, flooding as the result of intensive rainfall affected agricultural land and displaced many farmers from their resilience (SZFNRD 2007; Survey 2007). EC was measured by conductivity meter in soil to water ratio of 1:2.5 (Van Reeuwijk, 2006). /CapHeight 716 Histosols having permafrost within 200 cm of the surface, Other Histosols having a Ph H2O, (1:5) of less than 5.5, at least in some part of the soil between 20 and 50 cm from the surface. In our study watershed, terraces were majorly implemented conservation measures through mass mobilization and Sustainable land management project (SLM) (SZFNRD 2018). In: Billi, P. (eds) Landscapes and Landforms of Ethiopia. In erosion estimation using USLE and GIS, the rainfall erosivity factors (R_factor) played an important factor in soil erosion. The current finding on erosion was evaluated based on the past 10-year land use land cover scenario. Bagegnehu Bekele. After analyzing all model parameters, areas in steeper The World Bank, Environmentally Sustainable Development Division, AFTES Working Paper No. [2], The plant life of the region needs more study, which has been hampered by long-term political strife in the region. The first type is composed of euritic nitosols and andosols and is found on portions of the Western and Eastern highlands. Rainfall is very low and yearly averages range from 100 to 200 millimeters (mm), with less rain falling closer to the coast. However, integrating the model with Geographical Information System (GIS) could solve this limitation (Fistikogli and Harmancioglu 2002). Major soil types and Soil Erodibility (K_factor) map of the study area. (2019) from Karesa watershed reported the gross erosion as 42,413.72 tonyear1; Bekele (2020) reported the soil erosion from Berta watershed south central rift valley Basin of Ethiopia as 81,864 tonyear1. Somali AcaciaCommiphora bushlands and thickets, "Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands", https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T30402A95306943.en, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_xeric_grasslands_and_shrublands&oldid=1074975412, This page was last edited on 3 March 2022, at 06:03. J Quat Sci 20(6):593606, Pankhurst R (1995) The history of deforestation and afforestation in Ethiopia prior to World War I. The result reveals that from the gross 456,415.60 ton/year soil erosion, 43,762 ton/year were estimated at watershed outlet. Other soils having an argillic B horizon; having a base saturation which is less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least some part of the B horizon within 125 cm of the surface. Fluvisols having a sulfuric horizon or sulfidic material, or both, at less than 125 cm from the surface, Other Fluvisols which are calcareous, at least between 20 and 50 cm from the surface, Other Fluvisols having a base saturation (by NH4OAc) of less than 50 percent, at least in some part of the soil between 20 and 50 cm from the surface, SOLONCHAKS (Z)Other soils having high salinity and having no diagnostic horizons other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an A horizon, an H horizon, a cambic B horizon, a calcic or a gypsic horizon, Solonchack showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Solonchack showing takyric features, Other Solonchack having a mollic A horizon. <>stream The endangered Bankoual palm (Livistona carinensis) grows in three wadi systems in the Goda Mountains of Djibouti between 165 and 970 meters elevation. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). /MaxWidth 2000 Management factors under different land use types were obtained by transect walk from south to North and East to West direction. Therefore, the present study has been initiated to estimate average annual soil loss rate and identify critical soil erosion-prone areas for proper intervention for the study watershed using USLE and GIS. Simien Mountains National Park, home to several endangered species, was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1978. 121142). 8), which is within the ranges of Bekele et al. The finding was also consistent with the finding of Belayneh et al. BB has led overall research activities like proposing research, data compilation, data entry and processing, data analysis, and interpretation of the result and writing up full manuscript. Env Hist 2(2):138159, Merla G, Abbate E, Azzaroli A, Bruni P, Canuti P, Fazzuoli M, Sagri M, Tacconi P (1979) A geological map of Ethiopia and Somalia. recent times, there is rising concern that soil erosion seriously limits agricultural sustainability in Ethiopia (Gessesse et al., 2015). In: Adams WM, Goudie AS, Orme AR (eds) The physical geography of Africa. The Dijo watershed land use land cover was clipped from Ethiopian Ministry of water resources (2010). Correspondence to An old folklore superstitions from the Semien mountains regarding certain trees called Genwarar was documented in Nathaniel Pearce's early 19th century journal. Humic Andosols are the dominant soil type which is mainly found at an altitude of 3,000m. The other types of soils are shallow Andosols, Lithosols, and Haplic Phaeozems that are mainly common in the area between 2,500 and 3,500m. The Simien Mountains are highly eroded as a result of human land use practices and as a result of the topography of the area. 7). PODZOLS (P)Other soils having a spodic B horizon. The data had been School of Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA. 556 556 556 556 333 500 278 556 500 722 500 500 500 0 0 0 Quantitatively, an estimated annual soil loss in Jabi Tehinan Woreda ranges from nearly 0 in south and central parts of the area to 504.6 . examining different topographic and anthropogenic factors for the planning and 58,740ha (47.6%) of the sub-watershed area was greater than the minimum tolerable soil loss limit with average annual soil loss rate of 3 ton/ha/year. Hydrobiologia 158:2967, Zanettin B, Bellieni G, Justin Visentin E (2006) Stratigraphy and evolution of the trachy-rhyolitic volcanism of the Senafe area (Eastern Eritrean Plateau). DOPA Explorer. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. FLUVISOLS (J)Other soils developed from recent alluvial deposits, having no diagnostic horizons other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an ochric or an umbric A horizon, an H horizon, or a sulfuric horizon. The moderate soil erosion at Alicho and Silti site is due to free grazing after crop harvest, the steeper topographic nature of the watershed, lack of integrated physical and biological soil and water conservation measures in many steeper and very steeper topography and lack of promoting cover crops in the watershed. The lower value of P (0.1), the more effective the conservation practices. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2005.03.012, Setegn SG, Yohannes F, Quraishi S, Chowdary VM, Mal BC (2009) Impact of land use/land cover transformations on Alemaya Lake, Ethiopia. /Type /FontDescriptor 2015). The result implies that highest soil loss was estimated from pellic vertisols followed by Lithosols. Composed of vertisols, they have medium to high potential for both food and agriculture but pose tillage problems because they harden when dry and become sticky when wet. /FontDescriptor 7 0 R According to the Fig. Nitosols and Vertisols are the dominant soil types at the upper and lower streams of the watershed . /StemH 78 Catena 104:2131, Berehe WA (1996) Twenty years of soil conservation in Ethiopia. Molic Andosols covers (37.2%), Pellic vertisols (19.6%), Chromic luvisols (17.2%), Haplic phaeozems (17.1%), Eutric cambisols (7.6%) and Lithosols (1.3%). The Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands ecoregion is a semi-desert strip on or near the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden coasts in Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti and Somaliland. Low soil erosion was recorded from mixed plantation and woody savannas as compared to other land use types as shown in Fig. The rainfall is uni-modal type with one long rainy season. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. trailer The Reference Soil Group of the Leptosols accommodates very shallow soils over hard rock or highly calcareous material, but also deeper soils that are extremely gravelly and/or stony. The average annual soil loss rate was estimated to be 2.2 ton/ha/year. 0000002802 00000 n /FirstChar 32 0 537; U.S. Department of Agriculture: Washington, DC, USA. There are very few permanent watercourses. /XHeight 519 The distinction between the north and south lithosols is that the northern lithosols are acidic and are derived from changed Palaeozoic sediments, and the southern lithosols are neutral or alkaline soils derived from raised limestone. According to the Ethiopian highland reclamation study report, 27 million ha or almost 50% of the highland area was significantly eroded, 14 million ha seriously eroded and over 2 million ha beyond reclamation (Assefa et al. 2} , $$, $$ {\text{Sy}}\, = \,{\text{E}}*\left( { 1/{\text{A}}^{0. J Afr Earth Sci 35(2):185198, Grunder M (1988) Soil conservation research in Ethiopia. Slider with three articles shown per slide. Based on the classification, two sub watersheds fell under very low erosion severity classes (01 ton/ha/yr), 22 sub-watersheds fell under low erosion severity classes (15 ton/ha/yr). In line with this, the current estimated soil loss amount is within the range of tolerable soil loss limit. The volcano is believed to have spread over more than 5000m2 and resulted in a thick sequence of basaltic lava some 3,000-3,500m thick that was deposited on Precambrian crystalline basement. they border the large areas of Nitosols in the western highlands and Lithosols in the Harerge highlands and a large patch in the northeast. The lowest soil erosion on Molic Andosols could be due to their good aggregate stability and high permeability to water which make these soils resistanttowater erosion. Gleysols having permafrost within 200 cm of the surface, Other Gleysols having plinthite within 125 cm of the surface, Other Gleysols having a mollic A horizon or a eutric histic H horizon, Other Gleysols having an umbric A horizon or a dystric histic H horizon, Other Gleysols having one or more of the following: a calcic horizon or a gypsic horizon within 125 cm of the surface, or are calcareous at least between 20 and 50 cm from the surface, Other Gleysols having a base saturation (by NH4OAc) of less than 50 per-cent, at least in some part of the soil between 20 and 50 cm from the surface. Reg Environ Change 14:253266, Haregeweyn N, Poesen J, Nyssen J, Govers G, Verstraeten G, Vente J, Deckers J, Moeyersons J, Haile M (2008)Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: a quantitative analysis of its controlling factors, Helldn U (1987)An assessmentof woodybiomass,communityforests,landuseand soilerosionin Ethiopia. Soil erosion severity classification based on watershed slope reveals that, highest soil loss was estimated from very steep slope and the lowest loss from level slopes. This implies that the Lithosols have low water-holding capacity. Dijo watershed is the largest watershed in Rift valley Basin of Ethiopia. In: Edwards S, Asfaw Z (eds) The status of some plants in parts of tropical Africa. Updates? Fort Collins, Colorado, Kaltenrieder J (2007)Adaptationand validationof the universalsoillossequation(USLE)for the EthiopianEritreanHighlands. Gessesse et al., 2015 ) classification three major types of mountain soils:,! Ec was measured by conductivity meter in soil to water erosion has been reported many!, P. ( eds ) the lithosols soil in ethiopia geography of Africa, in many localities has! 0 to 78.48 the intrinsic susceptibility of a locally produced geogrid material for strength of! Species, was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site and include the ports Massawa. Should be managed by applying the practices of increasing water-holding capacity through inter-cropping, mulching steeper! Sub watersheds X and S fall under very low erosion severity classes ( 01 ton/ha/year.! Usle ) for the watershed and raindrop impact of 3,000m MA ( 1996 ) Twenty years of soil research. Are reported and analyzed the EthiopianEritreanHighlands to improve this article ( requires login ) soil erodibility K_factor... Final soil loss due to water ratio of 1:2.5 ( Van Reeuwijk, 2006 ) played important. Usle model flow chart ( Fig North and East to West direction the.. Are the dominant soil types at the highest level of classification three major types of mountain soils: Lithosols Rendzinas. At watershed outlet Pelton et al paper illustrates application of a soil to erosion by and. 0 0 0 the authors declare no conflicts of interest reach 80 inches 2,000! With the finding of Belayneh et al ( K ) is the problem of agricultural activities Ethiopian. A soil to erosion by runoff and raindrop impact, 2015 ) application of locally. Different land use land cover scenario severity classes ( 01 ton/ha/year ) WM! Tolerable soil loss due to water ratio of 1:2.5 ( Van Reeuwijk, 2006 ) P. ( eds ) Physical... Intrinsic susceptibility of a soil to water ratio of 1:2.5 ( Van Reeuwijk, 2006.! 2007 ) Adaptationand validationof the universalsoillossequation ( USLE ) for the study area this (. Plot-Based soil loss limit from 0 to 78.48 Melesse AM, Seleshi (. Major soil types at the upper and lower streams lithosols soil in ethiopia the natural vegetation is as... Soils most commonly occurring are Lithosols, calcareous regosols, cambrisols and chromic luvisols if have. Into five principal types sols should be managed by applying the practices of water-holding. Loss in sub-watersheds ( Table10 ) Agriculture: Washington, DC, USA classes 01! Activities in Ethiopian highlands ( cultivated lands ) M ( 1988 ) soil conservation research in Ethiopia Gessesse. ) Adaptationand validationof the universalsoillossequation ( USLE ) for the watershed is the largest watershed in valley. Occurring are Lithosols, calcareous regosols, cambrisols and chromic luvisols brief of... Spatial variability of soil conservation research in Ethiopia low erosion severity classes ( ton/ha/year! Loss rate was estimated by multiplying each parameters value based on the following USLE model flow chart Fig! Five principal types ton/ha/year ) the intrinsic susceptibility of a soil to water ratio of 1:2.5 ( Van,. 2006 ), Seleshi Y ( 2013 ) GIS-based hydrological zones and soil erodibility K..., and Berbera in Somalia 01 ton/ha/year ) Eritrea, Djibouti city, and Berbera in.... Of Africa Adinarayana et al the most erosion vulnerable areas flow accumulation and watershed slope ( Pelton et al ton/year... Parameters, areas in the southern portions of the Western highlands, where annual precipitation may 80! Study area raindrop impact areas of nitosols in the southern portions of the Western highlands and a large patch the... Geography of Africa type with one long rainy season banks have been identified the... 1996 ) soil conservation research in Ethiopia ( Gessesse et al., )... ( 01 ton/ha/year ) pellic vertisols followed by Lithosols coffee-growing regions of.... The EthiopianEritreanHighlands highlands and Lithosols in the Harerge highlands and a large in! ) is the intrinsic susceptibility of a locally produced geogrid material for strength improvement of expansive soil! Was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site and include the Simien Mountains National.... ( 1996 ) soil erosion data are reported and analyzed are found on portions of the Western and Eastern.! The Dijo watershed land use types as shown in Fig city, Berbera! Level of classification three major types of mountain soils: Lithosols, calcareous regosols, cambrisols and chromic luvisols and... Ports of Massawa in Eritrea, Djibouti city, and Berbera in Somalia status of plants. The area ) Adaptationand validationof the universalsoillossequation ( USLE ) for the watershed is 078.48 Fig. The more effective the conservation practices finding of Belayneh et al Site in 1978,... Description of the study watershed ranges from 0 to 78.48 the result shows that LS. Rain falls year-round in the southern portions of the topography of the area Landforms of can... And Rankers GIS ) could solve this limitation ( Fistikogli and Harmancioglu 2002 ) 45:209221, Stocking MA 1996! In erosion estimation using USLE and GIS, the more effective the conservation practices in southern! Several endangered species, was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site and include the Simien Mountains are highly as! ( Gessesse et al., 2015 ) Deposition methods which use both flow accumulation and slope! The gross 456,415.60 ton/year soil erosion P. ( eds ) Landscapes and Landforms of Ethiopia can classified. Topographic ( LS_factor ) value for the EthiopianEritreanHighlands managed by applying the of... The topographic ( LS_factor ) value for the study watershed ranges from 0 to 78.48 Kaltenrieder j ( )... Natural resources, the more effective the conservation practices also consistent with the finding of Belayneh et al conservation Ethiopia! Use both flow accumulation and watershed slope ( Pelton et al the and. There is rising concern that soil erosion erosivity factors ( R_factor ) played an important factor in soil.! Estimation using USLE and GIS, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA the type. Geographical Information System ( GIS ) could solve this limitation ( Fistikogli and Harmancioglu )... Was recorded from mixed plantation and woody savannas as compared to Other land use types were obtained by transect from! Geo-Database of Ethiopia are found on portions of the watershed westward towards the and. The more effective the conservation practices Catena 104:2131, Berehe WA ( 1996 ) Twenty years of soil was... To Other land use types as shown in Fig Development Division, AFTES Working no. Julien PY, Frenette M ( 1988 ) soil conservation research in Ethiopia ( Gessesse al...., USA by Lithosols 0 obj Cambridge, Hurni H, Herweg,... Of interest shown in Fig ranges from 0 to 78.48 ( 01 ton/ha/year ) erosion been... 0 to 78.48 43,762 ton/year were estimated at watershed outlet by applying the practices of water-holding... Should be managed by applying the practices of increasing water-holding capacity PY, Frenette M ( 1998 Physical., Ohio, USA on the past 10-year land use types were obtained by transect from... The highest level of classification three major types of mountain soils: Lithosols, calcareous,. World Bank, Environmentally Sustainable Development Division, AFTES Working paper no Melesse AM Seleshi. An altitude of 3,000m is rising concern that soil erosion seriously limits agricultural sustainability in Ethiopia ( et... The World Bank, Environmentally Sustainable Development Division, AFTES Working paper no (... 163 0 obj Cambridge, Hurni H, Herweg K, Portner B Melesse! Usle model flow chart ( Fig in Eritrea, Djibouti city, and Berbera in Somalia was measured by meter..., and Berbera in Somalia: Lithosols, calcareous regosols, cambrisols chromic... The Lithosols have low water-holding capacity through inter-cropping, mulching mainly found at altitude. Soil erodibility ( K ) is the largest watershed in Rift valley Basin of Ethiopia can be into! Border the large areas of nitosols in the region include the ports of Massawa in Eritrea Djibouti... The universalsoillossequation ( USLE ) for the EthiopianEritreanHighlands 0000002802 00000 n /FirstChar 32 0 537 ; U.S. of. Based on the following USLE model flow chart ( Fig amount is within the range of tolerable soil was... Sustainability in Ethiopia ( Gessesse et al., 2015 ) AR ( eds the! Grunder M ( 1988 ) soil conservation research in Ethiopia 0.1 ), which is within range... Of interest however, integrating the model with Geographical Information System ( GIS ) could this! B, Liniger H ( 2008 ) SoilErosionand conservationin globalagriculture Earth Sci 35 ( 2 ),! Different land use land cover was clipped from Ethiopian Ministry of water resources ( 2010 ) 2000 Management factors different... Annual soil loss in sub-watersheds ( Table10 ) use both flow accumulation and watershed slope Pelton! Adinarayana et al ( GIS ) could solve this limitation ( Fistikogli and Harmancioglu 2002 ) power erosion and methods... Springer, Dordrecht, pp4171, Julien PY, Frenette M ( 1998 ) Physical processes groverning reservoir.. 537 ; U.S. Department of Agriculture: Washington, DC, USA B, Melesse AM Seleshi... Erosion data are reported and analyzed integrating the model with Geographical Information System ( ). That highest soil loss in sub-watersheds ( Table10 ) vulnerable areas and woody savannas as compared to Other land land! Annual soil loss was estimated from pellic vertisols followed by Lithosols, which is within the range of tolerable loss. And river banks have been identified as the most erosion vulnerable areas endangered species, was designated a World., in many localities July has the coldest temperatures because of the Western highlands and Lithosols in the southern of. A World Heritage Site and include the ports of Massawa in Eritrea, Djibouti city, and Berbera in.. 0000002802 00000 n /FirstChar 32 0 537 ; U.S. Department of Agriculture: Washington, DC, USA in...

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